Saturday, March 30, 2013

In the Movies


Limitless
Movie Synopsis
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Limitless is a film about a writer (Bradley Cooper) who discovers a pill that allows him to access 100% of his mind, making him almost superhuman. When the movie begins, the main character, Eddie, is a struggling writer who feels as though he is going nowhere in life. Eddie feels as though he has hit rock bottom, until an old friend introduces him to the synthetic drug NZT.

While on NZT, Eddie is able to finish writing his book in mere hours. As he learns that this new drug makes him ultimately “limitless,” he begins learning new languages, as well as everything there is to know about the stock market and finance. This new-found knowledge leads him to rise to the top of the financial world, and become very rich. However, in order to continue using NZT, Eddie steals a large stash of the drug from a friend’s house after he is murdered by people looking for the same drug. At this point, Eddie is completely addicted to NZT, and is unwilling to give it up. He continued using the drug in order to prolong the feelings, behaviors, and benefits associated with NZT.

Portrayal of Addiction
The portrayal of addiction in Limitless is a lot less obvious than in other films. I think this is because the drug portrayed in the film is not actually real. Therefore, the addiction is less apparent. It is for this reason that this movie’s portrayal of addiction was not as hard-hitting for me as it might have been if the drug portrayed had been cocaine or heroin. In addition, given that this drug did not elicit the normal aversive feelings associated with cocaine or heroin, it was easier for me to understand why Eddie continued to take NZT and to rationalize his reasoning for doing so.

Character Reactions
Given that NZT is not what one would call a “normal” drug, the reactions of the characters around the addict were a bit different. Firstly, since the drug did not necessarily negatively impact Eddie’s behavior, it was hard for the individuals in his life to tell that he was taking the drug. Eddie’s girlfriend Lindy is the only actual relationship he has throughout the movie. She does not discover his drug addiction until towards the end of the film, when he shows up at her office displaying extreme signs of withdrawal. She is in shock at his addiction, and the next day leaves him because of it. This is a common reaction when dealing with a significant other suffering from addiction.

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My Opinions
I believe the portrayal of addiction in Limitless is actually very accurate. The character keeps his addiction hidden, and when it does come out to the person he cares about, he promises over and over again that he is going to quit taking the drug, just after a couple more times. It seems as though this is a very accurate portrayal of the cycle of addiction.

For example, we learned in class that addiction involves an intense desire/need for the drug, a high frequency of the behavior, continued use despite negative effects, and multiple attempts to quit unsuccessfully. All of these aspects of addiction are portrayed in the movie. Eddie continues to take the drug NZT even after it causes him to have blackouts where he does not remember anything he did, which even included possibly murdering a woman. Therein also lies the portrayal of continued use despite negative effects. 


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Friday, March 22, 2013

Chapter 8 Article Summary

Mental Health and Substance Abuse: Dual-Diagnoses
www.recoveryconnection.org

Many problems arise from the complex issue of a dual-diagnosis. This is simply because there is much research that needs to be done in order to better understand the treatment options for these complex cases. An article written by Martin Smith addressed these issues, as well as the many complexities associated with dual-diagnoses.


The work of Smith whole-heartedly agreed with that of Van Wormer and Davis (2008). According to Smith, it is especially difficult to treat adolescents who have a dual diagnosis of mental health problems as well as substance misuse problems (2013). Treating adolescents with these complex issues is even more difficult than treating adults with these complex issues (Smith, 2013). This is because adolescents are already going through a period of many changes that can become very confusing (Smith, 2013). Therefore, they are more likely to turn to substance misuse as a coping mechanism (Smith, 2013).

Since these individuals struggle with addiction at such a young age, it is possible for this addiction to actually re-wire their brains (Smith, 2013). According to Smith, this vulnerability due to age may actually increase the likelihood of these adolescents becoming prone to diseased states, either mental or physical (2013). This is where the dual-diagnosis begins (Smith, 2013).

This brain change may also stunt the adolescent’s emotional growth (Smith, 2013). Therefore, the mental illness will feed off of that. According to Smith, these negative consequences on the brain and memory due to drug use go widely unconsidered among professionals in the field (Smith, 2013). This is why many treatments for individuals suffering from a dual-diagnosis are ineffective.

However, there are a few treatments which seem to work if used properly. The key to their success is the initial engagement of the adolescents (Smith, 2013). The methods that seem to be effective are motivational interviewing and coaching techniques structured by the “cycle of change (Smith, 2013).” Both techniques require a trusting therapeutic alliance between the client and the therapist (Smith, 2013). It is also important that the developmental phases of adolescents is taken into account (Smith, 2013).


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It is sad to me that young individuals have relatively little options when it comes to receiving treatment for a dual-diagnosis of addiction and mental illness. I understand why it is such a difficult problem to treat, but it is unfortunate that they must continue to suffer.

I feel as though it does not really matter which illness is causing which. Addiction should always be the illness that is treated first. Addiction in itself is not a healthy thing, and certainly does not help a mental illness. Therefore, if the client receives treatment for their addiction first, it will become much easier to identify and treat the mental illness.




References

Smith, M. (2013). Care of adolescents who have mental health and substance misuse problems. Mental Health Practice16(5), 32-36.

Van Wormer, K. & Davis, D. R. (2008). Addiction treatment: A strengths perspective. California: Brooks/Cole